Rectal Cancer

Rectal Cancer

Rectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the lining of the rectum grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. The rectum plays a crucial role in storing and eliminating waste from the body.

Causes and Risk Factors

  1. Age: The risk of rectal cancer increases with age, and it is more common in older adults.
  2. Family History: A family history of colorectal cancer can elevate the risk of rectal cancer.
  3. Polyps: Certain types of polyps in the rectum may increase the risk of cancer if not removed.
  4. Diet: A diet high in red and processed meats and low in fiber may contribute to the development of rectal cancer.
  5. Smoking and Alcohol: Tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption may increase the risk.

Common Symptoms

  1. Changes in Bowel Habits: Such as diarrhea, constipation, or a feeling of incomplete emptying.
  2. Blood in the Stool: Bright red or dark, tarry stools can be a sign of rectal bleeding.
  3. Abdominal Discomfort: Cramps, pain, or bloating in the lower abdomen.
  4. Unintended Weight Loss: Significant weight loss without trying to lose weight.
  5. Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing rectal cancer typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests (CT scan, MRI), and a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy to visualize the rectum and take tissue samples (biopsy) for analysis.

Treatment

Treatment for rectal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and may include:

  1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor, often with nearby lymph nodes.
  2. Chemotherapy: Medications that target and kill cancer cells, sometimes used before or after surgery.
  3. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays are used to target and destroy cancer cells, often used in combination with chemotherapy.
  4. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target the processes that allow cancer cells to grow.
  5. Immunotherapy: Enhancing the body's immune response to fight cancer cells.

Rectal cancer is a significant health concern, but early detection and advances in treatment have improved outcomes for many patients. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms or risk factors related to rectal cancer, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and treatment. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and an improved quality of life.