Liver Cancer

Liver cancer

Liver cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the liver begin to grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. The liver is a vital organ responsible for filtering blood, producing essential proteins, and storing nutrients.

Causes and Risk Factors

  1. Hepatitis Infection: Chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses significantly increases the risk of liver cancer.
  2. Cirrhosis: Long-term liver damage, often caused by alcohol abuse or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, can lead to cirrhosis and a higher risk of cancer.
  3. Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer.
  4. Family History: A family history of liver cancer may elevate the risk.
  5. Aflatoxins: Exposure to aflatoxins, harmful substances produced by certain molds, can contribute to liver cancer risk.

Common Symptoms

  1. Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes is a common sign of liver problems, including liver cancer.
  2. Abdominal Pain: Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, especially on the right side.
  3. Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant weight loss without a clear cause.
  4. Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak can be a symptom of advanced liver cancer.
  5. Swelling in the Abdomen: Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites) may occur.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing liver cancer typically involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests (CT scan, MRI, ultrasound), and a liver biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells.

Treatment

Treatment for liver cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer. Common approaches include:

  1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor or, in more advanced cases, a liver transplant.
  2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays are used to target and kill cancer cells, often alongside other treatments.
  3. Chemotherapy: Medications that kill or slow the growth of cancer cells, sometimes delivered directly into the liver (hepatic artery infusion).
  4. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically target the processes that allow cancer cells to grow.
  5. Immunotherapy: Enhancing the body's immune response to fight cancer cells.

Liver cancer is a severe and challenging condition that often requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms or risk factors related to liver cancer, it is essential to seek medical evaluation and treatment. Early intervention can lead to better outcomes and an improved quality of life.